Showing posts with label African Americans. Show all posts
Showing posts with label African Americans. Show all posts

Tuesday, March 29, 2016

BRAD PYE’S BOOK FOREWORD BY LEROY VAUGHN, MD, MBA, Historian

BRAD PYE’S BOOK FOREWORD 


        I was quite honored when Brad Pye Jr. asked me to write the foreword to his outstanding autobiographical book considering all the very distinguished people he could have chosen. Brad has uplifted the lives of thousands of people during his 60 plus years in Los Angeles and several of those deeds are outlined in this work. I am sure his toughest job was choosing which appreciation letters, tributes, and award documents to include in this outstanding compilation.

When I was recently asked who the real American heroes were, I answered that I most admired people who had dedicated their lives toward uplifting the lives of their fellow man and especially people less fortunate than themselves. In fact, I am in awe of people who have helped disenfranchised, bright, gifted, deserving, needy African Americans break through racial barriers and injustices. This esteemed group includes people like John Brown and Marcus Garvey. Brad Pye in my eyes has spent no less energy trying to help others.
John Brown dedicated his life toward the emancipation of all slaves. He actively campaigned to establish African American schools and helped Oberlin College to open its doors to “Negroes” in 1839. John Brown volunteered to personally teach Black farmers in New York how to clean up and plant farmland that he had convinced a wealthy New York landowner to donate. When slavery appeared to have no end, John Brown died trying to steal enough weapons to allow slaves to fight for their own freedom.
Marcus Garvey founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association in Harlem in 1918. His vision was to organize the Black race through race pride, education, self-reliance, and economic development. Garvey attempted to promote race pride by stressing the importance of the historical accomplishments of people of African descent. He said “we were once masters in art, science, and literature”, and “whatsoever a Black man has done a Black man can do.” Self-reliance and economic development was Garvey’s second major theme. His ultimate objective was to manufacture every marketable commodity and to establish factories that could employ and train thousands of Black workers. Although Marcus Garvey did not achieve all his goals, his spirit fortunately lives though the millions of people he has inspired and uplifted. I am convinced part of that spirit reached Brad Pye Jr.
Brad Pye Jr.’s humble beginning started in Plain Dealing, Louisiana. In 1943 at the age of 12, he convinced a person driving to Los Angeles to allow him to ride along for $5. His loving mother steered him toward friends and joined him six years later. Brad parlayed this non air-conditioned journey into a magnificent career as an award winning manager and sports editor of the Los Angeles Sentinel newspaper and as the sports director of multiple radio stations for many years including KGFJ, KJLH, KACE, and KDAY.
Brad’s outstanding sports journalism career provided him the opportunity to obtain a lofty civic stature and to befriend numerous sport owners and upper management personnel. He used those inroads to increase awareness of racial injustices and inequalities and to promote opportunities for qualified African Americans in numerous endeavors. For over 50 years Brad used his influence and “insider” leverage to help break racial barriers in every major sport including football, baseball, boxing, and track and field. Brad was there when Aaron Wade became the first African American to be named an American Football league (AFL) official and when Eldridge Dickey became the first Black American quarterback drafted into the NFL. As a good friend, recruiter, and “Administrative Assistant” to Oakland Raider owner Al Davis, Brad encouraged the first aggressive football recruiting from historically Black colleges. This foresight helped the Raiders win 3 Super bowl championships. It is also no coincidence that Al Davis hired Art Shell as the first Black American head football coach in the NFL.
In professional baseball, Brad also worked tirelessly to promote Black “firsts”. He and others wrote numerous letters and met personally with the late Dodger owner Walter O’Malley. Eventually, Emmet Ashford became the first African American umpire called up to the Major league. Brad and others like Wendell Smith of the Pittsburgh Courier newspaper also helped promote the acceptance of major league baseball stars like Sam Lacey and Jackie Robinson who became his very close friend.
Although Brad is well known for promoting prep athletes at major southern California universities like UCLA and USC, he is just as recognized for obtaining press box accommodations for Black journalists in Southern California. Black journalists are now a staple in the press boxes of the Dodgers, Lakers and all other major sporting events.
Brad Pye Jr.’s great career also touched the lives of numerous non athletes. Among those who thank him and sing his praises include the late Attorney Johnnie Cochran who thanked him for 30 years of friendship and promotion long before the national media “discovered” him. Personally, my story is not unlike Attorney Cochran. When I told Brad that I had difficulty establishing my private practice as the only Black Retinal specialist on the West Coast, he told me not to worry. He subsequently published my resume in the Los Angeles Sentinel newspaper and appointed me to the State Boxing Commission and the State Athletic Commission. To demonstrate his trust, he even sent his mother to me shortly thereafter when she developed a retinal detachment. I cherish our 30 year friendship.
I am confident that after reading this autobiographic collection of letters, tributes, and awards, the reader will be amazed at what one man can accomplish for his fellow man when intensely motivated. Perhaps this book can inspire the reader to also help others.

Dr. Vaughn's book BLACK PEOPLE AND THEIR PLACE IN WORLD HISTORY opens with a review by Brad Pye, Jr. 


Saturday, September 3, 2011

Black Indians - Even Though Denied by Cherokee Family

'I read the news today, oh boy!'  


"Cherokee Nation court terminates freedmen citizenship


By Tulsa News - LENZY KREHBIEL-BURTON World Correspondent 
Published: 8/23/2011  2:28 AM 
Last Modified: 8/23/2011  6:32 AM


TAHLEQUAH - The Cherokee Nation Supreme Court reversed and vacated a district court decision in the freedmen case Monday, immediately terminating the tribal citizenship of about 2,800 non-Indians. 


Issued at 5 p.m. Monday, the 4-1 ruling states that because a 2007 referendum that amended the Cherokee constitution to exclude freedmen descendants from tribal citizenship was conducted in compliance with the tribe's laws, the court does not have the authority to overturn its results."


Cherokee Nation does not like Black folks?  I don't think so.  It's probably about greed over the gambling money and who those in charge have to share with. In the end of the era of greed, I understand, and disagree.  They can deny that most African Americans have some Native American blood, but the truth cannot.

From the dynamic history book by Dr. Leroy Vaughn, MD, MBA, Historian, Humanitarian and Honorary African Chief, BLACK PEOPLE AND THEIR PLACE IN WORLD HISTORY, Chapter After 1492, Sub chapter

BLACK INDIANS


Black Indians, like other African Americans, have been treated by the writers of history as invisible. Two parallel institutions joined to create Black Indians: the seizure and mistreatment of Indians and their lands, and the enslavement of Africans. Today just about every African American family tree has an Indian branch. Europeans forcefully entered the African blood stream, but native Americans and Africans merged by choice, invitation and love. The two people discovered that they shared many vital views such as the importance of the family with children and the elderly being treasured. Africans and Native Americans both cherished there own trustworthiness and saw promises and treaties as bonds never to be broken. Religion was a daily part of cultural life, not merely practiced on Sundays. Both Africans and Native Americans found they shared a belief in economic cooperation rather than competition and rivalry. Indians taught Africans techniques in fishing and hunting, and Africans taught Indians techniques in tropical agriculture and working in agricultural labor groups. Further, Africans had a virtual immunity to European diseases such as small pox which wiped out large communities of Native Americans.
The first recorded alliance in early America occurred on Christmas Day, 1522, when African and Indian slaves on a plantation owned by Christopher Columbus's son, rebelled and murdered their White masters. These Indian and African slaves escaped into the woods together and were never recaptured. Another successful alliance occurred around 1600 when runaway slaves and friendly Indians formed the Republic of Palmares in northeastern Brazil, which successfully fought the Dutch and Portuguese for almost one hundred years. The Republic of Palmares grew to have one half mile long streets that were six feet wide and lined with hundreds of homes, churches, and shops. Its well-kept lands produced cereals and crops irrigated by African style streams. The Republic was ruled by a king named "Ganga-Zumba" which combined the African word for great with the Indian word for ruler.
The history of the Saramaka people of Surinam in South Americastarted around 1685, when African and Native American slaves escaped and together formed a maroon society which fought with the Dutch for 80 years, until the Europeans abandoned their wars and sued for peace. Today the Saramakans total 20,000 people of mixed African-Indian ancestry.
By 1650, Mexico had a mixed African-Indian population of 100,000. Race mixing became so common in Mexico that the Spanish government passed laws prohibiting the two races from living together or marrying. In 1810, Vincente Guerrero of mixed African-Indian ancestry led the war for independence. In 1829, he became president of Mexico and immediately abolished slavery and the death sentence. He also began far reaching reforms including the construction of schools and libraries for the poor.
Escaped slaves became Spanish Florida's first settlers. They joined refugees from the Creek Nation and called themselves Seminoles, which means runaways. Intermixing became so common that they were soon called Black Seminoles. Africans taught the Indians rice cultivation and how to survive in the tropical terrain of Florida. Eventually the Black Seminoles had well-built homes and raised fine crops of corn, sweet potatoes, and vegetables. They even owned large herds of live stock. The Black Seminoles struck frequently against slave plantations and runaway slaves swelled their ranks. The U.S.government launched three massive war campaigns against the Seminole nation over a period of 40 years. The second war alone cost the U.S. government over $40 million and 1,500 soldiers. The Seminoles eventually signed a peace treaty with President Polk, which was violated in 1849, when the U.S. Attorney General ruled that Black Seminoles were still slaves under U.S. law.
Black Indian societies were so common in every east coast state that by 1812, state legislatures began to remove the tax exemption status of Indian land by claiming that the tribes were no longer Indian. A Moravian missionary visited the Nanticoke nation on Maryland's eastern shore to compile a vocabulary of their language and found they were speaking pure African Mandingo.
After the Civil War, very few Blacks ever left their Indian nation because this was the only society that could guarantee that they would never be brutalized nor lynched. If Europeans had followed the wonderfully unique model of harmony, honesty, friendship, and loyalty exhibited by the African and Indian populations in North and South America, the "new world" could truly have been the land of the free, the home of the brave, and a place where "all men are created equal."



by DR. LEROY VAUGHN, MD, MBA, HISTORIAN
Get your copy - available on amazon.com.
$10 .pdf available on lulu

BLACK INDIANS BIBLIOGRAPHY
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Buy The Books That Inspire You

Albers, J. (1975) Interaction of Color. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Amos, A. & Senter, T. (eds.) 1996) The Black Seminoles. Gainesville: University Press of Florida.
Bailey, L. (1966) Indian Slave Trade in the Southwest, Los Angeles: Westernlore.
Bemrose, J. (1966) Reminiscences of the Second Seminole War.Gainesville: University Press of Florida.
Boxer, F. (1963) Race Relations in the Portuguese Colonial Empire 1415-1825. Oxford: Claredon Press.
Browser, F. (1974) The African Slave in Colonial Peru, 1524-1650. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Cohen, D. & Greene, J. (eds.) Neither Slave nor Free.. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins.
Covington, J. (1982) Billy Bowlegs War: The Final Stand of the Seminoles.. Cluluota, FL. Mickler House.
Craven, W. (1971) White, Red, & Black: The 17th Cent. Virginian. Charlottesville: Univ. of Virginia Press.
Forbes, J. (1964) The Indian in America’s Past. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall.
Forbes, J. (1993) Africans and Native Americans. Chicago: University of Illinois.
Katz, Loren (1986) Black Indians. New York Macmillan Publishing Co.
Nash, G. (1970) Red, White, and Black: The People of Early America. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall.






Thursday, June 17, 2010

Black People...Blacks In The Military by Dr. Leroy Vaughn, MD, MBA Historian

Excerpts from the book BLACK PEOPLE AND THEIR PLACE IN WORLD HISTORY, by Dr. Leroy Vaughn, MD, MBA, BLACKS IN THE MILITARY.


MEDAL OF HONOR MEN
THE UNITED STATES ARMY AND NAVY

Portraits of 15 African American soldiers and sailors
including Sgt. John Lawson, Milton M. Holland,
Robert A. Pinn, Sgt. Brent Woods, Powhatan Beaty,
Corporal Isaiah Mays,
Sgt. John Denny, James H. Harris,
Dennis Bell, Thomas R. Hawkins,
Sgt. William Carney,
Christian Fleetwood, Pvt. James Daniel Gardner,
Sgt. Alexander Kelly, and Sgt. Thomas Shaw

(Photo of Gen Colin Powell right)
Television images of General Colin Powell in specific, and Black, well trained, energetic soldiers in general, are a great source of pride for most African Americans. These television images represent the fruits of over two hundred years of struggle by African Americans for equality, integration, and respect in the military service. There is probably no irony in American history more pointed than the American Black soldier fighting and dying for basic American democracy and freedom, while being denied most of those same freedoms at home and in the military since the founding of this country.

(Photo left: West Point Academy's first African American graduate - plus a whole lot more revealed in the book -  Henry Flipper)
Until recently African Americans begged for the privilege to fight and die for this country in hopes that a more equitable society would await them at the end of the war. However, Black soldiers and sailors were strictly prohibited from participation in virtually every American war until a severe manpower shortage made this country desperate. In 1792, laws were passed by Congress to exclude Blacks from the Army and Marines. The Marine Corp did not accept an African American for its first 150 years of existence, up to and including World War II, when White politicians and generals finally became desperate enough to encourage Black military participation. Black soldiers were frequently poorly trained, unequally paid and equipped, and forced to participate in all Black regiments with White southern officers in charge.

(Photo right: Tuskgee, Alabama, March, 1942. Members of the first class of Negro pilots in the history of the US Army Air Corps who were graduated at the Advanced Flying School as Second Lieutenants by Major General George E. Stratemeyer)
When Blacks were allowed to participate in American wars, they invariably performed exceptionally well. Over 5,000 African Americans, both slave and free, served in the army during the Revolutionary War, and almost all of them received their freedom in appreciation after the war. In fact, most northern states abolished slavery because of their contribution. The outstanding contributions of over 200,000 African American soldiers and sailors during the Civil War led to the 13th Amendment freeing all slaves.


(Photo left: Brigadier General Joseph E. Bastion pins the Distinguished Service Cross on Capt. Charles L. Thomas, 1945)
Between 1869 and 1890 Black soldiers in the West, nicknamed the Buffalo Soldiers, won 14 Congressional Metals of Honor, 9 Certificates of Merit and 29 Orders of Honorable Mention while fighting Native Americans. President Theodore Roosevelt credits these same Buffalo Soldiers for saving his famous "Rough Riders" from extermination in Cuba during the Spanish American War of 1898.


(Photo above: Black Soldiers during World War I)

About 160,000 of the 200,000 African Americans sent to Europe during World War I were forced to work as laborers in unloading ships and building roads. The remaining soldiers were not even allowed to fight along side White American soldiers but rather were assigned by General Pershing to French Divisions. These Black soldiers had to fight in French uniforms with French weapons and French leadership until the end of World War I. Over 3,000 casualties were sustained by these Black soldiers, who subsequently were awarded over 540 medals by the French government including the Legion of Honor - for gallantry in action.

(Photo right: Brigadier General Benjamin Davis conducting close rifle inspection of the United States Colored Troops somewhere in England about 1942) The plight of Blacks in the military did not improve significantly until President Franklin Roosevelt and President Harry Truman made concessions to Black leaders in exchange for Black votes. On October 15, 1940, Roosevelt announced that Blacks would be trained as pilots, that Black reserve officers would be called to active duty, and that Colonel Benjamin Davis would be named the first Black Brigadier General.

In 1948, Truman was even more desperate for Black votes and issued Executive Order 9981, ending military segregation and demanding "equality of treatment and opportunity for all persons in the Armed Services without regard to race, color, religion or national origin." After two hundred years of struggle, African Americans can now look upon Black military men and officers with a great since of pride and accomplishment.

FIRST BLACK WEST POINT COMMANDER EMILY PEREZ


The first Black woman to serve as Corps Commander Sergeant Major at West Point.
Perez graduated in the top 10 percent of her class, out-ran many men, directed a gospel choir and read the Bible every day.

She also headed a weekly convoy as it rolled down treacherous roads, pocked with bombs and bulletsnear Najaf, Iraq.

As platoon leader, she insisted on leading her troops from the front. Shortly before shipping out to Iraq with the 204 Support Battalion, 2nd Brigade, 4th Infantry Division, she flew cross-country to be a bone marrow donor for a stranger who was a match.

At 23, she was the 64th woman from the U.S. military killed in Iraq or Afghanistan. September, 2006.

BIBLIOGRAPHY - BLACKS IN THE MILITARY
Nalty, B. (1986) Strength for the Fight: A History of Black Americans in the Military. NY: Free Press.
Rogers, J. (1989) Africa’s Gift to America. St. Petersburg, FL: Helga Rogers Publishing.